1. Conflict management is led by people managers

We generally think of conflict management as resolving inter-personal conflict and mitigating the effects when it arises. But it also involves preventing conflict in the first place, for example, through building social cohesion in teams. People managers play a central role in preventing and resolving conflict. Good managers can handle team conflicts healthily. They should be able to dip into some of the communication and negotiation skills used in mediation. A decade or two ago, business coaching was the preserve of external consultants, but now it’s common to see coaching as a core people management competence. We need to make the same shift in how we regard mediation skills: they should be considered a core people management skill. 

2. Power dynamics in conflict are unavoidable

CIPD research has uncovered a clear power dynamic in workplace conflict. We are more likely to report conflict with our managers than other people we work with and more likely to experience serious consequences from that conflict and feel that it remains unresolved. One of the main benefits of mediation is that it starts to correct this imbalance of power. It acts as a leveller of hierarchy, legitimising more junior parties’ concerns that are often ignored or not voiced at all. This is an important consideration in finding sustainable resolutions. Not only do people experiencing conflict need to feel their voices are properly heard, but outcomes are far more likely to ‘stick’ if the parties themselves develop them.   

3. Early resolution is best

We know this, and yet we often brush low-level conflict and festering relationships under the carpet, hoping they go away. Avoiding conflict is a natural response, but there are times we must bite the bullet and address conflict constructively as early as possible. Although these conversations can be unpleasant or nerve-wracking, they don’t have to be difficult. As a senior HR practitioner explained, the key thing is to have the conversation in the first place. The earlier you can do that, the easier it will be. Again we are back to people managers’ ability to deal with conflict. But HR practitioners also play a key role in building the confidence of managers to act early and think creatively – beyond the confines of process and procedure.

4. Conflict management needs holistic solutions

Mediation and other forms of dispute resolution can successfully repair seemingly unworkable relationships, but they are often used in a reactive way, after significant damage has already been done. Instead, employers should aim to strengthen social cohesion throughout their organisations more generally, to make conflict less likely in the first place. It is important to adopt a more systemic and strategic approach, developing management’s capacity to prevent, contain and resolve conflict. In addition to mediation and more conventional processes, this can include:

• management training that focuses on interpersonal people skills
• fostering high-trust relationships between the ‘golden triangle’ of managers, HR practitioners and employee representatives
• developing supportive coaching networks to build managerial ‘conflict confidence’. 

5. Structure, process and culture can create and exacerbate conflict

Conflict is an inevitable part of working life. However, it is often created and exacerbated by organisational structures and processes and how they are managed and implemented. Performance targets, resource allocation, lines of management and organisational cultures that are unnecessarily competitive can pit people or teams against each other. This underlines the need for leadership to be more compassionate and inclusive and for conflict management to be a central consideration in organisational strategy. Without this, ad hoc initiatives and innovations will have little impact and, even worse, may seem tokenistic and at odds with the experience of workers and employees. 

How do business leaders regard conflict?

It is not easy to convince senior leaders, including those in HR, to treat conflict management as a key strategic issue. Some see any talk of conflict as an admission of failure and dysfunction, while others claim that conflict can be a positive force, enhancing innovation and creativity. This latter view underestimates the damage that can be wrought to the organisation and individuals involved: research shows the costs outweigh any benefits of creative tension or conflict resolution. Instead, a strategic focus on conflict management creates an organisational climate that emphasises staff wellbeing and engagement. It also gives HR practitioners the support to put early and creative resolution of conflict ahead of procedure and compliance and provides managers with the skills they need to foster healthy work relationships.