Essential points

  • The main piece of legislation governing sex discrimination in the UK is the Equality Act 2010 (note that Northern Ireland has its own equality laws).
  • Sex discrimination occurs when someone is unfairly disadvantaged for reasons related to their sex. 
  • The protected characteristics (set out in the Equality Act 2010) relevant to gender and sexuality in a broad sense include:
    • sex
    • sexual orientation
    • gender reassignment
    • marriage and civil partnership
    • pregnancy and maternity.
  • In most sex discrimination cases the complainant is a woman, but these provisions apply equally to all who suffer from discrimination. 
  • It is unlawful for a woman to discriminate against another woman because of her sex, and for a man to discriminate against another man because of his sex. 

CIPD member content

This content is only available for CIPD members

Please note

While every care has been taken in compiling this content, the CIPD cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. These notes are not intended to be a substitute for specific legal advice. 

Related content on discrimination

CIPD Viewpoint
Race inclusion in the workplace

Explore the CIPD’s point of view on race inclusion in the workplace, including recommendations for employers

CIPD Viewpoint
Sexual orientation, gender identity and gender reassignment

Explore the CIPD’s point of view on sexual orientation, gender identity and gender reassignment, including recommendations for employers

CIPD Viewpoint
Religion and belief

Explore the CIPD’s point of view on religion and belief, including actions for Government and recommendations for employers

CIPD Viewpoint
Gender equality at work

Explore the CIPD’s point of view on gender equality at work, including actions for Government and recommendations for employers

Employment law

Access more employment law resources

Employment law
Timetable of recent and forthcoming legislation: UK employment law

Keep up to date with the latest employment law developments and proposed future changes

Employment law
Race discrimination: UK employment law

Explore our collection of resources around legal issues surrounding race discrimination, including Q&As and relevant case law

Employment law
Statutory rates and compensation limits: UK employment law

A round up of the year's statutory rates, providing quick and easy access to information on compensation limits, family friendly payments, statutory sick pay, national minimum wage, disclosure and barring fees and National Insurance contribution thresholds

Employment law
Stress and wellbeing: UK employment law

Explore our collection of resources around legal issues surrounding stress and wellbeing in the workplace