A growth in hybrid working means bosses with hybrid teams, who previously only managed people onsite, would also need to learn how to manage remote workers. Their organisation’s productivity and culture are at risk if their people can’t adapt to connecting and collaborating when they’re not physically in the same space. Attempts to monitor those working remotely might backfire if people feel it’s unnecessary or intrusive. 

So, what do bosses think are acceptable ways of managing workers who work remotely, particularly those working on laptops or other electronic devices? What is practised in various organisations? Are there differences in opinion by management level, industry and so on? These are some of the questions that we explored in the CIPD’s Technology, the Workplace and People Management Survey 2022, conducted in partnership with HiBob.

Four in ten don’t think it’s acceptable to monitor remote workers 

We asked bosses who responded to our survey to select examples of methods they felt were acceptable for collecting information about employees working from home, whether on their laptops or electronic devices (see Figure 1). 

^{Figure 1: Which are acceptable ways of collecting information about home workers who regularly work on a laptop or other electronic device?}

The data showed a spectrum of opinion. At first glance, it appears the largest proportion (39.2%) felt that none of the measures were acceptable, while 5.6% said they didn’t know. 

However, over half (55.3%) agreed with at least one of the eight measures in Figure 1, despite not having a strong preference for a particular example (Figure 2). Even when asked to think specifically about employees working from home on laptops, bosses were divided.

^{Figure 2: Over half of bosses agreed with at least one of eight measures}

This is because context matters. What’s the employee’s job? Is an audit trail essential? What’s the cultural norm in the organisation? For an accountant, it may be the norm to track their billable time for clients when they’re in the office, so the same would likely apply when they work from home.

The three most accepted measures (selected by 44.8% of respondents) relate to how much time employees spend on their laptops and identifying risk of burnout. Some bosses seemed keen to mirror existing practices in the office for employees working from home. It’s possible that some see recording time spent on laptops as a replacement for using key cards to track attendance in the office.

The three least accepted measures relate to recording screenshots and randomly recording activities. Bosses are uncomfortable with the idea of randomly collecting more information than they need to assess their employees’ performance or wellbeing. Screenshots can capture more personal data than is needed for audit, a potential liability for the organisation. 

• Those at organisations where no one works from home appear less likely to trust employees to do so. They were more likely to agree than those with over three-quarters people regularly working from home that it’s fine to record screenshots or track how long employees use their laptops.
  When asked whether it’s acceptable to randomly record screenshots of an employee’s screen throughout the day, 8.4% of bosses at these organisations agreed compared to only 3.0% of those at organisations where over three-quarters of employees regularly work from home.
  In contrast, respondents with more than three quarters working from home appeared to be more concerned about tracking billable time for clients and identifying employees at risk of burnout. Three in ten (29.4%) agreed that it’s acceptable to track time spent on billable tasks for clients compared to only 12.6% at organisations where no one works from home.
• Compared to bosses at senior manager level, bosses at the top (includes owners, partners and CEOs) were more likely to agree that the measures are acceptable (70.2% vs 54.8%). We see a similar picture when we restrict our sample to non-HR respondents only (77.8% vs 55.8%).
• HR respondents were less comfortable than non-HR respondents about using technology to monitor employees who are working remotely from home (41.3% vs 35.7% said none of these measures were acceptable). 

Six in ten bosses with home workers said they don’t use software to monitor employees

We then asked the bosses with regular home workers about the types of software used to measure their productivity (Figure 3):

• The majority (57.7%) said their organisations don’t use software to monitor home workers’ productivity, while 12% said they didn’t know.
• Three in ten (28.0%) said their organisation use task management software, time tracking software or check employees’ work saved in a cloud folder.
• Those in the private sector services were more likely to say that they use task management (20.6%) or time tracking software (14.6%). Within the private sector services, our sample shows that these are most used in the information and communication services industry (34.3% use task management and 27.4% use time tracking software). It’s possible that these measures are more prevalent in other industries such as administrative and support services (includes call centres and office support), but our survey did not collect enough sample from each industry to confirm this. 

^{Figure 3: What types of software are used to measure your people’s productivity when they are working from home?}

Acceptance of performance monitoring is higher where similar measures are already in place 

Interestingly, bosses at organisations that use one or more types of software to monitor the performance of home workers were more likely to find the measures listed in Figure 1 acceptable. Among those at organisations that use task management software, time tracking software or check employees’ work in cloud folders, four-fifths (81.6%) agreed with the measures in Figure 1. But only half agreed (47.0%) with this among those that come from organisations that don’t use software to monitor productivity.

Monitoring sickness absence is the same for remote workers

Notifying the manager or recording sickness absences on HR software are common ways of keeping track of sickness absence for homeworking employees (Figure 4). This practice is no different to what we would expect for employees who work onsite.

^{Figure 4: How does your organisation monitor their sickness absence?}

Monitor only what’s relevant and necessary and be mindful of context

Much has been written about monitoring and surveillance of people at work. Debates and ‘big brother’ stories on the subject appear often in the media. The rise of hybrid working, along with increased capability to monitor electronically as work becomes more digitised, have fuelled the continued debate on acceptable monitoring practices. 

What’s clear is that many people are uneasy about increased monitoring at work. The majority (88%) of managers and workers who responded to an earlier CIPD survey agreed that increased workplace monitoring has more downsides than benefits. And almost three-quarters (73%) said that introducing new technologies in the workplace will damage trust between workers and employers. 

In the same vein, a Trade Union Congress survey found that two-thirds of workers (66%) are concerned that workplace monitoring could be used in a discriminatory way if left unregulated. The TUC has called for rights for individuals to control what personal data employers collect on them. An academic report published by the European Union in 2021 noted that the monitoring of remote workers intensified over COVID-19, and provided recommendations to mitigate the psychosocial risks.

Yet when it comes to acceptable monitoring practices, most of what has been published are guidance and opinion pieces from individuals. Our findings fill some of the insight gaps by investigating what more than 2,000 UK bosses think are acceptable monitoring practices for remote workers and what’s practiced in their organisations. We found that opinions of what’s acceptable is influenced by management level, percentage of hybrid workers, and whether similar monitoring practices already exist in their organisations. We also saw that bosses are uncomfortable with collecting more personal information than is necessary for monitoring their people’s performance and wellbeing. 

From a resource perspective, justification for the money and time invested should be tied to what you want to achieve. Is the monitoring needed for auditing, security or legal purposes? What are the critical checkpoints? What is the least intrusive and least resource intensive approach that fit you and your people?

If you need to introduce new a monitoring measure:

• Tell employees what you’re monitoring and why. 
• Check with employees to make sure measures are relevant and necessary for the purpose. 
• Beware of culture context – what’s acceptable in one setting might not be in another.